Let us first understand the importance of project management as it is widely used across various industries including software, Mechanical, Aviation or even in Construction industry.

Now how to represent a project in form of diagram which we call it as “Network Diagram”. How is it different from Gantt charts ? So Gantt charts only shows project schedules and focuses on tasks and time, while Network diagram in project management helps in defining the graphical relationship and sequence of tasks or activities to develop a project schedule. That is why network diagram offer broader scope to Project management.

Network diagram usually shows a graphical association between different tasks and is used to develop a project schedule and determine  the critical paths. Network diagram helps in determining the critical paths. w illustrating these activities either by using nodes or using arrows are the two different ways we can show relationships. So in this article are going to understand the difference between Activity on Arrow (AOA) and Activity on Node (AON) what calculation we can do based on these networks to better plan our projects by project managers.

Both these technique Activity on Arrow (AOA) and Activity on Node (AON) is a part of Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT).  They are used to  evaluate the time which is required complete the task especially if we talk about the complete project.

Lets first understand these terms independently.

Activity on Arrow (AOA)

It use arrows to represent activities while Activity on Arrow uses arrows to represent the  activities while nodes stand for events.

It shows start to finish types of Relationship.  Each node of  Activity on Arrow contains three numerical values – the Start Time, the Finish Time and the Float.

Start time : Earliest Start time or the time when activity actually starts.

Finish Time: Earliest finish time or the time when activity actually finishes.

Float: It basically tells how much extra time you have or the  the amount of time a task can be delayed without resulting in an overall delay in completion of other tasks. It is calculated as Late Start time – Early Start time or Late Finish time – Early Finish time

Critical Path : is the longest path in terms of time  required to complete activity from Start to Finish.

Event : in project management, it’s a specific point of time when something has actually started  or finished.

Let’s see one example to help us understand this better.

Circles here represent the node, or the events and Activities are represented on the Arrows like A, B, C etc.  So node #1 represent start of Activity “A” and node #3 represent the End of Activity “A” which become the start of Activity “C” and Activity “D”. This Activity “A”  will require some resources and time. Similarly, node #2 represent start of Activity “E” and node #6 represent the End of Activity “E” . Here the node #9 is the last node as we don’t  have any new which is Emanating or Starting. To understand how this numbering is done we first need to go through Fulkerson’s rule for numbering of nodes.

Predecessor and Successor activities

Here Activity “A” must be completed before we can start Activity “C” and Activity “D”. In short Activity “C” and Activity “D” are dependent on Activity “A” and we call Activity “A” as predecessor for Activity “C” and Activity “D” or in other words Activity “C” and Activity “D” are successor activities to Activity “A”.

Activity-on-Node (AON)

AON or Activity-on-node as the name signifies here the activity is placed on node.

It is also known as Precedence diagramming method. Unlike Activity on Arrow it  shows start to start, Finish to Finish, Start to Finish, and Finish to Start types of relationship.

Let’s see one example to help us understand this better.

Circles or nodes represent the activities like Activity A, B, C etc.  1^st node is always the START and Last node is the END node. Here Activity A and Activity B are starting at same time.  Activity F cannot start until Activity E and Activity C both have been completed.

So the ultimate choice between Activity on Arrow and Activity on Node is purely a matter of personal choice.

Activity A comes before Activity B, which comes before Activity C

Activity A and Activity B must both be completed before Activity C can start

Activity B and Activity C cannot begin until Activity A is completed

Activity C and Activity D cannot begin until Activity A and Activity B have both been completed

Activity C cannot begin until both Activity A and Activity B are completed; Activity D cannot begin until Activity B is completed. A dummy activity is introduced in AOA

Activity B and Activity C cannot begin until Activity A is completed. Activity D cannot begin until both Activity B and Activity C are completed. A dummy activity is again introduced.

Watch this animated YouTube video for more details :